Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se transforme

While attempting to verify the purity of a crown in a bath of liquid, Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy, according to which any object immersed in a liquid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

Since antiquity, the concept of the atom evolved from Democritus's idea of indivisible particles to a defined chemical unit through the work of Lavoisier and John Dalton.

While studying the electrolysis of water in the early 19th century, Michael Faraday formulated its fundamental laws, establishing principles that are still widely used in industry today.